How much does it cost to replace windows?

Reviewed by Karoly Szekeres remodeling expert. Written by Fixr.com.

​​If the windows in your home are warped, leaking, or drafty, it may be time to replace them. Window replacements make your home more energy-efficient while lowering your maintenance and improving its appearance. Windows come in many frame materials, shapes, and sizes. You can replace windows one at a time or the entire house at once. This leads to a wide cost range.

The national average cost range for window replacement is between $3,500 and $10,500, with most people paying around $7,500 for 10 vinyl double-hung low-E glass windows installed simultaneously. This project’s low cost is around $550 for a handyman to replace 1 single-hung vinyl window. The high cost is about $36,000 for replacing all the windows at once with wood-frame windows in various sizes, all with double-paned and impact-resistant low-E glass.

Average Cost to Replace Windows

Replacement Windows vs New Construction

There are two types of window installations - replacements and new construction. Replacements can be broken down even further into a basic replacement and a new window replacement.

In a regular replacement, you remove a window and install one of the same form. This can be done if there are no changes in size or shape, and the surrounding area is in good condition. If you change the shape or size or a window needs significant repair work, which costs roughly 50% more, then you need a new window replacement.

Windows in new construction are installed in a wall for the first time. There is no drywall inside or siding, so you can install any shape or size for less labor than a replacement. While a replacement may cost $500 a window, new construction costs $300 to $400 per window. New window replacements cost around $750 per window because of the extra work.

New Windows Cost by Frame Material

The frame of your window plays a big role in how much the window will ultimately cost. Frames come in several materials, each with attributes and price points. Some may be longer-lasting, while others are low-maintenance. This decision impacts how much you pay for your replacement:

Vinyl Replacement Window

Vinyl replacement windows cost between $100 and $4,500. They are available in every type and size. This includes casements, sash, bay, and picture windows. Vinyl is a low-maintenance material that does not require painting. It tends to be smooth inside and out and creates a lightweight frame. Sometimes, it is layered over another material like aluminum or wood for more durability because vinyl can warp or crack alone.

Homes that live in hurricane prone areas, especially in central and south Florida, as well as the eastern coast of the US, are required by building code to replace their windows with vinyl impact windows. In Florida particularly there are minimum requirements on the energy efficiency of the window as well, which makes vinyl frames the only replacement frame to choose. Check with your electric service company before installing your new windows. Sometimes they have requirements that need to be met before the installation occurs.

Karoly Szekeres, window expert.

Aluminum Windows

Aluminum windows range from $200 to $1,200 on average. They also come in a range of types. Aluminum is a poor insulator, so aluminum frames are not as energy-efficient. Aluminum also fades, so it requires more painting and upkeep than vinyl. However, aluminum is durable and lasts long. It can be wrapped in vinyl for lower maintenance, which can also improve looks.

Fiberglass Windows

Fiberglass windows average $200 to $2,500. They are considered the gold standard. These are attractive, low-maintenance, durable frames that are better insulators than aluminum or vinyl. Fiberglass can be painted, if desired, or left in its original color without fading. Fiberglass frames last longer than vinyl or wood, which makes them a good investment. Newer fiberglass windows may also be made with a resin composite for even better durability and a more natural appearance.

Wood Replacement Windows

Wood windows cost between $200 and $2,650 on average. They are the highest maintenance of any frame. However, they are also the best insulators. They are often requested for historic homes because they can be found in different woods with varying tones and colors. Wood can be stained or painted in many colors. This provides some freedom to change and customize your window’s interior.

Steel Windows

Steel windows average $500 to $5,400. They are popular in modern homes for their appearance. Steel has a look that cannot be duplicated. The metal is often left bare and not painted. It is much stronger and more durable than aluminum, and it can be thermally “broken” to be energy-efficient. Steel is used to create unique industrial windows where other materials do not work.

Window Cost by Type

Windows come in many forms and styles. They can be designated by how they move, are shaped, and the way you interact with them. Each window has a range of costs, depending on the size, frame type, and glass type.

Glass Block Window

Glass block windows cost between $60 and $840, depending on the size. They come in a range of sizes and styles. The blocks can be clear, tinted, or patterned for privacy, while allowing in light. They can be installed in any area but work best in areas like bathrooms where privacy and lighting needs are high. The blocks can be found in frames for easy installation or built to suit on-site. The more blocks you need and the more customized the project, the higher the costs.

Transom Window

Transom windows average $100 to $250. Transoms are small rectangular or arched windows installed above doors. They can also be fixed or propped open for ventilation and made of plain or decorative glass. They can have any frame material and come in a set number of sizes.

Storm Window

Storm windows range from $100 to $400 on average. They fit over the outside of your existing windows. They improve the home’s energy efficiency by stopping air transfer through the window. Some storms can be permanently attached, while others are removable. Some storms can also be opened for airflow, while others are fixed. They come in several sizes to fit any window shape and size.

Awning Window

Awning windows cost between $100 and $1,000 on average. It is a small rectangular window installed high on the wall. It is not used for egress purposes only for ventilation. It is hinged at the top and pushed open from the bottom. When open, it allows fresh air in, while keeping out the rain. They come in many materials, with a few having decorative features.

Picture Window

A picture window averages $150 to $1,000. They are fixed glass windows that do not open or move. They are typically large but can be smaller. They essentially make a “picture frame” around the view outside. You can get them with mullions, decorative glass, and overlays. They can come with any frame and glass.

Skylight

Skylights range from $150 to $2,000, depending on the type. Skylights come in three types. Solar tubes are the least expensive, featuring a small dome at the top and a tube bringing the light to lower levels. Fixed skylights are the next most expensive. They can be flat or have domed covers. They do not open but allow light to enter. Ventilated skylights are the most expensive. These open manually or by remote to allow in the fresh air. All three types come in various sizes.

Single-Hung Window

A single-hung window average $175 to $2,800. They are a type of sash window. The top panel is fixed, and the bottom panel moves up and down. This is the most simple sash window. They come in many sizes and materials. They are slightly higher maintenance than double-hung windows but cost less.

Arched Window

Arched windows range from $200 to $1,100. They have a square or rectangular bottom half with a curved upper section. They can be fixed or single-hung on the bottom for ventilation. They can be installed anywhere from dormers to above doorways. They can be plain glass or have decorative glass panels. They can also come in any frame.

Casement Window

Casement windows cost between $200 and $2,000 on average. They open outward from one side rather than from the top or bottom. They can be single, double, or flank either side of a large picture window. Depending on the type, they may operate with a crank or push outward. They come in many sizes and in all available materials.

Double-Hung Replacement Window

Double-hung windows average $250 to $3,000. They are a type of sash window. Both panels - the top and bottom - move independently. It can be opened from either end. Some may also allow the top panel to tilt inward. This makes them easier to clean and care for than single-hung windows. They come in a wide range of sizes and materials.

Egress Window

An egress window costs between $300 and $830 on average. It is any window that can be an exit. This means that they are wide and easy enough to operate that someone could escape through them in the event of an emergency. Casement egress windows are the most popular type, but sash windows can also be egress. They tend to be larger than average, which explains their higher costs. They are most common in bedrooms and basements.

Custom Replacement Windows

A custom replacement window costs between $300 and $10,000. They are sometimes necessary if your current windows are not a standard size. This often happens in older homes - the windows used at the time may have been made to measure and are not readily available. They can also be used for something out of the ordinary in size or shape. If you want an oversized window or something that makes a statement, a custom window can do the job. They cost more to install and have higher prices per window.

Bay Window

Bay windows cost between $400 and $5,500, depending on the size and type. They come in many forms. Box bays are the simplest, consisting of three panels in a straight line. Bow bay windows come outward from the home, with four panels making up a curve. Oriel bay windows have five panels and use brackets below to support the design. They can give you an impressive view and include a shelf or seat.

Garden Window

Garden windows cost between $500 and $2,400 on average. They extend out from your home. They consist of four panels - one on the top, one in the front, and one on each side. They make a small box where you can have plants on the inside. They are a great alternative to creating a greenhouse because they provide light and space for plants. They come in all materials and many sizes, which influences costs.

Average Price for New Windows by Type of Pane

Your windows’ frame and style are two pieces of their total cost. The type of glass can also influence project prices. Glass ranges from simple single-pane to double and triple-pane insulated glass. Depending on your location and climate, choosing the correct glass can greatly impact your energy bills.

Single-Pane Window

Single pane windows cost between $100 and $1,280, depending on the size. It means there is one piece of glass. This glass can be laminated, tempered, or annealed. It can also be sealed or given a reflective coating. Single-pane glass is considered the least efficient, but there can be degrees of efficiency among single-pane installations. If the pane is well-sealed and given a special coating, it can be more efficient than double-paned glass that has not been sealed or coated.

Laminated Glass Windows

Laminated glass windows range from $125 to $2,750 on average. Laminated glass means that the glass is sandwiched between layers of resin so that it does not fall apart if the glass cracks or breaks. Laminated glass is 3 to 5 times stronger than standard glass. It is not recommended for all windows in your home. It is usually used for windows beside front doors or in areas where force could be used.

Double-Pane Window

Double-pane windows average $150 to $1,290. It mean that two panes of glass are used. They may have gas between the panes for efficiency, but they do not need to. Like single-pane windows, they can be coated or sealed to improve efficiency. This means that not all double-pane windows are equal in price or have the same efficiency capabilities. However, if all other things are equal, a double-paned window is more efficient than the single-pane option.

Tempered Glass Window

Tempered glass windows cost between $150 and $3,000. Tempered glass is also referred to as safety glass. In this case, the glass has been heated to improve its strength. Tempered glass is roughly 5 times stronger than annealed glass. It is also stronger than laminated glass. It is not recommended for every room, only where the glass is more likely to break. When tempered glass breaks, it comes apart in pieces that are less likely to cut, which is why it is considered a safer glass.

Low-E Window

Windows with a Low-E coating average $350 to $2,680. Low-E glass or low-emissivity glass can improve your energy efficiency. Low-E glass keeps homes warmer in the winter and cooler in the summer. It prevents heat transfer through the glass so that the sun’s rays do not heat your home. Likewise, it can keep the warm air inside in winter. Low-E coatings can be added to any glass.

Argon-Filled Window

Windows with argon gas cost between $375 and $2,720. They are a type of double or triple-pane window. The space between the panes is filled with clear argon gas. This gas acts as an insulator to stop thermal transfer. This can make your home more energy-efficient. It also stops the glass from feeling cold when the temperature drops outside. You may notice fewer drafts around these windows because they must be sealed tightly.

Triple-Pane Window

Triple-pane windows range from $400 to $3,040 on average. They use three panes of glass. This improves the window’s energy efficiency more than single or double-pane. Triple-pane glass is more efficient, but it must be well-sealed to provide the best efficiency. They can be filled with gas or given a coating to improve efficiency. In some ways, a double-pane window with the right coatings and insulators can be more efficient than a triple-pane window.

Window Price by Brand

There are many manufacturers of windows. Some specialize in certain types of style, frame, or glass. Others make a range of products, and some focus on quality or price. When deciding on costs, compare brand prices to know what you get.

Feldco Window

Feldco’s windows range from $100 to $1,200 on average. Feldco makes an exclusive line of vinyl windows. They make every type, including sash, casement, picture, and bay windows. Their vinyl frames keep costs low. Their products come in a wide range of sizes and shapes. They also have a variety of different glass features to choose from.

Alside Window

Alside’s windows average $100 to $1,500. Alside makes vinyl replacement and new construction windows. They can custom fit replacement windows to your existing structure. This can fit hard-to-find sizes, while keeping costs down. They have a range of styles, including popular ones like sash and casement. They also have a selection of energy-efficient choices.

Pella Replacement Windows

Pella replacement windows cost between $100 and $3,000. Pella is one of the largest and most recognized brands. Nearly all their products are Energy Star certified. They also make an incredibly wide range of products, including low-end and high-end versions of most windows. They carry various materials and glass types and sizes. Pella has more options than many other companies.

Window World

Window World’s windows average $200 to $1,200. It is a top-ranked window company, particularly for customer service. They consistently rank just below Pella in quality and customer service as the number 2 window company in the nation. They have a full line of materials, types, and sizes. They also have a complete range of colors for their products. This allows for greater project customization.

Andersen Replacement Windows

Andersen windows cost between $215 and $3,000 on average. Andersen is another well-known and recognizable company. They frequently rank just below Window World in quality and customer service, coming in roughly third place. They do not have as many options as Pella. However, they are well-known for their window and door quality. They have a separate line of products that are dedicated to better energy efficiency.

Marvin Replacement Windows

Marvin replacement windows range from $215 to $4,000. Marvin has 5 different lines of windows. These start with a budget line and increase in cost and quality until their signature lines. Marvin products are considered high-quality, regardless of the line. They have a wide range of styles, sizes, and material choices.

Simonton Windows

Simonton windows cost between $250 and $2,700. Simonton specializes in vinyl windows. They have 9 lines to choose from, starting with budget options and climbing to high-quality versions. They have a wide range of styles and types to choose from. They also have energy-efficient models to choose from. While specializing in vinyl, their products are considered good quality.

Labor Cost to Replace Windows

The labor cost to replace windows varies between $150 and $200 per window. In many instances, removing and disposing of the old ones is included in this cost. If you have a particularly large or difficult to remove window, you could have an additional cost of $50 per window.

These costs reflect the replacement of 1 to 4 windows at one time. After 5 windows, your labor costs per window begin to go down. This is because the technician must first make a trip to your home to measure before replacing them. Then, they make a separate trip to remove the old windows and install new ones. Depending on the window, this may involve a third trip. This means you have a minimum of two trips per project, whether you have 1 window replaced or 10. Therefore, labor costs begin declining at around 5 windows, they decline further at 10 windows, and at 20 windows, they are at the lowest.

Cost to Replace a Window by Size

Size does not dictate the entire cost. There can be variations by size between a very small and a very large window, but for the most part, your costs fall within a mid-range.

Small Window Replacement

The cost to replace a small window starts at around $150 and can go as high as $4,000, depending on the style and material. Costs vary based on things like the frame material and how the replacement is done. Some windows can leave the existing frame and replace only the interior. This lowers costs. If this is a small window in a difficult-to-reach position, such as over a door, at the top of a stairwell, or in a basement well, your costs are higher. The size impacts your window’s cost much more than the labor cost.

Average-Size Window Replacement

Average-size windows have labor costs starting at around $150 to $160 for most windows but can be as high as $4,000, depending on the window. Casement and sash windows often fall into the average-size category. These are easy to replace, depending on the type and frame material. Some sash windows allow you to leave the current frame. This lowers costs slightly. The size does not significantly impact the replacement cost for labor. So, labor costs do not change tremendously if your window is slightly larger or smaller than average.

Large Window Replacement

Large windows have labor costs of between $160 and $200 per window but may go as high as $4,000. Large windows can be picture windows with one large section of glass. They can also be bay or picture windows framed by casements. In these cases, you have more labor involved because each window section goes in separately. These are the windows that cost closer to $200 or more per window. Large picture windows do not cost much more than other windows.

Cost to Replace All Windows in a House

You have a few options if you want to replace all the windows in your house. You can do 1 or 2 windows at a time until the job is complete. You can split the job in half and do one half at a time, or you can replace them all at once. In terms of overalls costs, you pay less in total to do all the windows at once than to replace them piecemeal.

The average home has roughly 22 windows. Some homes may have as few as 15, while very large homes may have as many as 30. Homes rarely have the same window size and type everywhere, which complicates things.

This, combined with the varying materials and glasses that could be used, gives a wide range of costs for an entire house.

Average Cost to Replace Windows by Location

The labor cost to install windows does not vary tremendously by location but can fluctuate, depending on things like height. Those located in a second-story may cost slightly more to install than those in a first-floor. Likewise, basement windows may cost slightly more to install. However, the total cost depends on the location, type, and material.

Kitchen Window Replacement

The average cost range to replace a kitchen window is between $300 and $700. Many windows can be used in a kitchen. Most common is a small window above the sink. This can be a casement or pair of casement, sash, or picture window. Some kitchens may also have larger sliding or picture windows in other areas. Because kitchens vary greatly, there can be a wide range of windows installed. If your home has a bay or small accent windows in the kitchen, your costs could fall outside this range.

A Bathroom Window Replacement

The cost to replace a bathroom window averages $300 to $700. Many homes do not have in this location in the bathroom for privacy. Those that do frequently have the window in the shower, while others may have a small window on the wall opposite the door. They tend to be small transom or sash windows. They can have features for privacy, such as tinted glass, which can increase costs. If you have a bathroom that features larger windows, such as over a soaking tub, your costs are higher.

Sunroom Window Replacement

The cost to replace one window in a sunroom ranges from $300 to $1,200. When replacing a window in your sunroom, you are likely going to replace them all. This is because of the way the sunroom is built. Most sunrooms are made up of large windows that extend floor to ceiling, with some even covering the ceiling. The average cost for replacing all the windows in a sunroom is around $10,000. The type and shape impact the final cost in this room.

Bedroom Window Replacement

The average cost to replace a bedroom window is between $400 and $1,500 a window. They must be large enough to be considered egress windows. This means that even if you have a sash or casement window in your bedroom, it must be larger than the same-style windows you have elsewhere. Master bedrooms may have larger windows than other bedrooms, which can increase costs. If you have a picture or bay window in your bedroom, costs can be higher. Likewise, costs can be lower if you only have small accent windows to replace.

Basement Window Replacement

The average cost to replace a basement window is $500 to $800 a window. They range in size and type, which influences costs. Normally, they are small and located close to the ground. They may open outward into a well, which can make installation more challenging. If you have a basement egress window, meaning it is large enough for a person to fit through, installation can be even more challenging. Because most basements are partially underground, window installation often involves a cleared section outside, which is held back with a barrier. This window well may be large enough to admit a person but can be difficult to access and for the installer to stand up in during replacement, resulting in higher labor costs.

Window Materials Comparison

The window frame plays a big role in how it looks and functions over the years. Some materials are easy to maintain, but they may not be good at insulating. Others look better but require more upkeep to maintain that look long-term. We compared different window frame materials below so that you can make the right choice for your next window project.

Maintenance

Your window frame may require maintenance, including painting it inside and outside, cleaning, and making needed repairs. Some materials like wood require frequent scraping and repainting to look their best. Other materials like fiberglass hold their color well without fading or yellowing, making them very easy to maintain. Other materials like vinyl may be easy to clean but can yellow or crack over time. Materials like aluminum may fade and become chalky, requiring you to paint to keep the surface looking its best. Below we ranked the different materials on how much maintenance they require, from low to high.

Energy Efficiency

The window frame plays a role in how efficient your windows are. While most people pay close attention to the glass, you could be experiencing thermal transfer through the frame itself. Some materials like wood are naturally insulating, while metals like aluminum and steel are naturally very poor insulators. If you live in a very hot or cold climate, choosing a window frame that helps stop thermal bridging can make your home more comfortable. Below we ranked the various window frame materials on how well they insulate, from high insulating properties to low.

Sustainability

If you are concerned about the environmental impact of the materials you use in and around your home, consider the sustainability of your window frames. Some materials, such as aluminum and steel, can be recycled and made of recycled material. That makes them very sustainable. Other materials like fiberglass can contain recycled material but can be difficult to recycle. Wood is very sustainable if it is harvested properly, but poor forestry practices can negate this benefit. We ranked the various window frames below in how sustainable they are, from highly sustainable to low.

Durability

The durability of your window frame can also be a concern. This is particularly true if your windows are opened and closed often. Things like high winds, extreme climates and weather, and impact all directly affect the lifespan of your window frame. All frames are fairly long-lasting, but some like steel, wood, and aluminum can last longer. Vinyl is the shortest-lived of the various materials, particularly in very cold climates, as it can crack when the temperature falls. We ranked the different window frame materials below on how durable they are, from high to low.

Energy-Efficient Windows Cost

Many windows today are considered more efficient than older windows. Some companies, such as Pella, have entire ranges that are Energy Star rated. What makes a window energy-efficient depends on where you live. If you live in a very sunny climate, you may need windows with a reflective coating. If you live in a colder climate, gas-filled windows are more efficient. There is an incredibly large range of costs for energy-efficient windows, from $150 to $4,000, depending on the window’s type, size, and energy-saving features.

Full-Frame Window Replacement Costs

Some sash windows are eligible for a partial frame replacement, where only the interior sections are replaced. All other window replacements must be full frame, where the entire window is replaced. This means that they have the same cost ranges - between $300 and $4,000 per window replacement, depending on the window’s type and size.

Window Glass Replacement Cost

Sometimes, your window frame and mechanism are in good condition, but the glass is leaking or cracked. In this case, you can have only the glass replaced to bring the window back into good condition. Window glass replacement costs between $300 and $880 on average, depending on the window’s type and size and glass type. This is only possible if the rest of the window is in good working condition.

Cost to Replace Windows in an Old House

If you have an older home, the windows are not likely to be as efficient as modern versions. You can choose to upgrade to newer vinyl or fiberglass windows for an average cost of $550 a window, depending on the house. However, you are more constrained when your home is historic. Historic homes must use materials and styles that are in keeping with the house. You may need to install wood windows, which have an average cost of $650 to $1,300 per window. All other aspects of the replacement should have costs comparable with newer homes.

Cost to Install a Window in an Existing Wall

Installing a new window in an existing wall has an average cost range of $1,000 to $5,000. This is because the opening must be cut and the wall framed to support the new window. Your siding needs to be retrimmed on the exterior, and you may also have additional trim and drywall expenses. Once the opening is ready to go, the window can be installed. It must be trimmed and finished inside and out, which leads to significantly higher costs.

Retrofit Windows vs Replacement Windows

Another way to refer to replacement windows is to call them retrofit windows. A replacement or retrofit window uses your home’s existing opening. It also uses the existing trim. This means that no new construction needs to take place to install your window. You do not need to remove the siding, and you do not have to make drywall repairs after. Whether you prefer to call the project a retrofit or replacement, the result is the same.

Average Cost to Replace Windows in a Mobile Home

In most cases, the cost to replace windows in a mobile home is much less per window than a stick-built home. This is because windows in a mobile home are standardized, meaning that sizes and shapes are fairly uniform. In a stick-built home, you could have multiple window sizes and styles.

Costs to replace windows are $200 to $500 per window for mobile homes.

Enhancement and Improvement Costs

Replace Exterior Window Trim

Replacing your windows is also a good time to replace your exterior window trim. In most situations, your trim material should match your siding’s material and the trim’s color and style. Most window trim falls between $1 and $10 a linear foot installed.

Window Treatments Installation

Purchasing new windows is also a good time to install window treatments. These have a wide range of costs, depending on the type. Window blinds cost around $700 on average, while shades cost between $600 and $1,000.

Window Screen Installations

If your old screens were ripped or in poor condition, you may want to replace those with your windows. New screens come in a range of sizes and materials. This includes different colors to customize their appearance. New screens cost between $70 and $200 each.

Window Cleaning

Sometimes, new windows have stickers, fingerprints, putty, and other smudges. If this is the case, you may want to get them professionally cleaned. Window cleaning costs around $150 to $450 on average.

Window Tinting

Tinting your windows can bring many benefits. Window tints improve privacy. They can also cut down on glare and help reflect the sun’s heat. The average cost of adding reflective tinting to your windows is between $330 and $570.

Hurricane Shutters

If you live in an area prone to hurricanes, you may want to protect your new windows from damage. Hurricane shutters can be installed over your windows. They pull shut in the event of a storm to help prevent damage. They cost between $2,300 and $7,900 on average.

Additional Considerations and Costs

• Location. When the time comes to choose which windows to use for replacement, keep your location in mind. If you live in very hot climates, you may want reflective or solar coatings. If you live in cold climates, you may want to use gas-filled panes or Low-E coating. Your climate and location should play a role in the correct windows for you.
• Older windows. Older homes are more likely to need new windows than newer homes. In some cases, your window sizes may not be standard, which may lead to the need for custom windows.
• Permit. Depending on where you live, you may need to get a permit for this job. Check with your town or city hall for more information.
• Lower overall costs. Windows can be expensive, but if you need to replace all of them, doing as many as you can at a time lowers your overall costs.
• Warranty. Most new windows come with a warranty. Ask which warranties may be available and whether they cover installation or only the windows.
• Resale value. Not all replacement windows improve your resale value. According to Remodeling Magazine’s Cost vs Value report, only wood windows have a good ROI of about 68%.

References

• Better Homes & Gardens. “16 Window Design Ideas for a Bright, Picturesque Space.”​
  https://www.bhg.com/home-improvement/windows/window-buying-guide/window-design-ideas/
• InterNACHI. “Window Gas Fills: What Inspectors and Consumers Should Know.”
  https://www.nachi.org/window-gas-fills.htm
• Remodeling. “2020 COST VS VALUE REPORT.”
  https://www.remodeling.hw.net/cost-vs-value/2020/
• The Constructor. “16 Types of Windows used in Buildings.”
  https://theconstructor.org/building/types-of-windows/12776/
• The Home Depot. “How to Install a Window.”
  https://www.homedepot.com/c/ah/how-to-install-a-window/9ba683603be9fa5395fab90cb0f04a1
• U.S. Department of Energy. “Update or Replace Windows.”
  https://www.energy.gov/energysaver/update-or-replace-windows